ÿþ<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 11"> <link rel=File-List href="VA_elevation_metadata_files/filelist.xml"> <link rel=Edit-Time-Data href="VA_elevation_metadata_files/editdata.mso"> <!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--> <title>Virginia Elevation Data underlying the analysis entitled &quot;Maps of lands close to sea level along the middle Atlantic coast of the United States&quot; by J</title> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="Street"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceType"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceName"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="address"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="State"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"/> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Jim Titus in 2009</o:Author> <o:LastAuthor>Jim Titus in 2009</o:LastAuthor> <o:Revision>2</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime>1</o:TotalTime> <o:Created>2009-04-17T11:42:00Z</o:Created> <o:LastSaved>2009-04-17T11:42:00Z</o:LastSaved> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages> <o:Words>6957</o:Words> <o:Characters>39660</o:Characters> <o:Company>EPA</o:Company> <o:Lines>330</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>93</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>46524</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>11.9999</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:SpellingState>Clean</w:SpellingState> <w:GrammarState>Clean</w:GrammarState> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; 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par.appendChild(n); n.innerText = e.innerText; e.removeNode(true); } } --> </script> </head> <body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=blue style='tab-interval:.5in' oncontextmenu="return true"> <div class=Section1> <h1><a name=Top></a><st1:State w:st="on"><span style='mso-bookmark:Top'>Virginia</span></st1:State><span style='mso-bookmark:Top'> Elevation Data underlying the analysis entitled &quot;Maps of lands close to sea level along the middle Atlantic coast of the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>&quot; by J.G. Titus and J. Wang, 2008.</span></h1> <h2><span style='mso-bookmark:Top'>Metadata:</span></h2> <span style='mso-bookmark:Top'></span> <ul type=disc> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in'><a href="#Identification_Information"><span class=SpellE>Identification_Information</span></a></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in'><a href="#Data_Quality_Information"><span class=SpellE>Data_Quality_Information</span></a></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in'><a href="#Spatial_Data_Organization_Information"><span class=SpellE>Spatial_Data_Organization_Information</span></a></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in'><a href="#Spatial_Reference_Information"><span class=SpellE>Spatial_Reference_Information</span></a></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in'><a href="#Entity_and_Attribute_Information"><span class=SpellE>Entity_and_Attribute_Information</span></a></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in'><a href="#34349536"><span class=SpellE>Distribution_Information</span> </a></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in'><a href="#Metadata_Reference_Information"><span class=SpellE>Metadata_Reference_Information</span></a></li> </ul> <div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><a name="Identification_Information"> <hr size=2 width="100%" align=center> </a></div> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><span style='mso-bookmark:Identification_Information'></span></span> <p class=MsoNormal><span class=SpellE><i>Identification_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Citation:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Citation_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Originator:</i> US Environmental Protection Agency</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Publication_Date</i></span><i>:</i> February 2008</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Title:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Virginia Elevation Data underlying the analysis entitled &quot;Maps of lands close to sea level along the middle Atlantic coast of the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>&quot; by J.G. Titus and J. Wang, 2008.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form</i></span><i>:</i> raster digital data</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Other_Citation_Details</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Data underlying the analysis reported in J.G. Titus and J. Wang, 2008.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language: DE'>Online_Linkage:</span></i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language:DE'> <span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><a href="http://maps.risingsea.net/data.html">http://maps.risingsea.net/data.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Larger_Work_Citation</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Citation_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Originator:</i> US Environmental Protection Agency</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Publication_Date</i></span><i>:</i> February 2008</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Title:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Maps of lands close to sea level along the middle Atlantic coast of the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Other_Citation_Details</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Full Citation: Titus, J.G. and J. Wang, 2008: Maps of lands close to sea level along the middle Atlantic coast of the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>: an elevation data set to use while waiting for LIDAR. In: Background Documents Supporting Climate Change Science Program Synthesis and Assessment Product 4.1: Coastal Elevations and Sensitivity to Sea Level Rise [J.G. Titus and E.M. Strange (<span class=GramE>eds</span>.)]. <span class=GramE>EPA430R07004, <st1:country-region w:st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region> Environmental <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Protection Agency</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">Washington</st1:State></st1:place>, DC.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Description:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Abstract:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>Coastal Virginia Digital Elevation Model (Environmental Systems Research Institute [ESRI] Grid format) represents an elevation map of the <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Virginia</st1:place></st1:State> coastal zone created for the purposes of analyzing vulnerability to rising sea level. The domain of the data set extends from the upper tidal wetland boundary up to the 40 foot (NGVD29) contour line, but the primary focus of the analytical approach and quality control has focused on land below the 10 foot contour line. This data set has been derived from several sources of elevation data, including United States Geological Survey (USGS) 1:24,000 Digital Line Graphs (DLG), and <span class=SpellE>DLG's</span> created by the Henan Institute of Geography from Digital Raster Graphics and hardcopy 1:24,000 USGS topographic quadrangles. In addition, the analysis created a supplemental contour line representing the elevation of spring high water (SHW), which is generally between 0.7 and 3.5 feet above the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29) in Virginia. We defined the horizontal position of the supplemental contour by extracting the inland limit of the tidal wetland polygons in of the US Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). We defined the vertical position of the supplemental contour by creating a &quot;tidal elevation surface&quot; using the National Ocean Service's (NOS) estimated tide ranges, NOS estimated sea level trends, the NOS published benchmark sheets, and the National Geodetic Survey North American Vertical Datum Conversion Utility (VERTCON) program to convert the Mean Tide Level (MTL) relative to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) to that of NGVD29. All elevation information was converted to a common vertical reference, usually NGVD29, and the DEM was generated from that input data using <span class=SpellE>ESRI's</span> interpolation algorithm TOPOGRID (within <span class=SpellE>ArcGIS</span> workstation GRID extension). We converted the absolute elevation estimates (usually NGVD29) into elevations relative to SHW using the &quot;tidal elevation surface.&quot; For purposes of this data set, SHW is the upper boundary of tidal wetlands (including vegetated wetlands and intertidal beaches). Elevation is expressed in cm. </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>The zip file associated with this data set should include:<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>1.<span style='mso-tab-count:1'>       </span>README_VA_Elevation.doc, which provides a brief overview of the relationship between this dataset and related data</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>2.<span style='mso-tab-count:1'>       </span>InterpolationMethods_MEMO.doc</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>3.<span style='mso-tab-count:1'>       </span><span class=SpellE>VA_Data_Quality.jpg</span> </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>4.<span style='mso-tab-count:1'>       </span>DEM_LidarComparisonTable.doc</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>5.<span style='mso-tab-count:1'>       </span>DEM_Comparison_with_DLG_11_quads.xls</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>6.<span style='mso-tab-count:1'>       </span>Institute_of_Geography_DLG.xls </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>7.<span style='mso-tab-count:1'>       </span>Titus_and_Wang_2008.pdf</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>However, to speed download, (2) and (7) (which are associated with all of the states) may have been removed</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>From online versions and included in a file called  <span class=SpellE>Common_supplemental_metadata.zip</span> </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><i>Purpose:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>The Virginia Digital Elevation Model provides a base map layer for assessing the possible influences of potential sea level rise on coastal regions. We recommend against using this data to create maps with scales greater than 1:100,000, regardless of the level of vertical precision portrayed.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Moreover, if the purpose of using this data is to create graphical depictions of risk with contour intervals of 50-100 cm, we recommend a <span class=GramE>considerably</span> smaller scale unless the audience is likely to understand the limitations of the data.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Supplemental_Information</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>Elevations relative to spring high water during the year 2000.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Time_Period_of_Content</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Time_Period_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Single_Date</i></span><i>/Time:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Calendar_Date</i></span><i>:</i> 2000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Currentness_Reference</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><span class=GramE>ground</span> condition</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><i>Status:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Progress:</i> Complete</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency</i></span><i>:</i> None planned</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Spatial_Domain</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Bounding_Coordinates</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>West_Bounding_Coordinate</i></span><i>:</i> -78.069555</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>East_Bounding_Coordinate</i></span><i>:</i> -74.985170</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>North_Bounding_Coordinate</i></span><i>:</i> 39.070197</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>South_Bounding_Coordinate</i></span><i>:</i> 36.113572</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Keywords:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Theme:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus</i></span><i>:</i> General</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Theme_Keyword</i></span><i>:</i> <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Virginia</st1:place></st1:State> Elevation</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Theme_Keyword</i></span><i>:</i> DEM</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Theme_Keyword</i></span><i>:</i> Coastal Elevation</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Place:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Place_Keyword_Thesaurus</i></span><i>:</i> Geographic Names Information Service (GNIS)</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Place_Keyword</i></span><i>:</i> <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Virginia</st1:place></st1:State> VA</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Access_Constraints</i></span><i>:</i> None</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Use_Constraints</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>None</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Point_of_Contact</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Person_Primary</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Person</i></span><i>:</i> James G. Titus</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Organization</i></span><i>:</i> <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> Environmental Protection Agency, Climate Change Division</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Position</i></span><i>:</i> Project Manager</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Address</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Address_Type</i></span><i>:</i> mailing address</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Address:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><span class=SpellE>Mailcode</span> 6207J</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><i>City:</i> <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Washington</st1:place></st1:State></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>State_or_Province</i></span><i>:</i> DC</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Postal_Code</i></span><i>:</i> 20460</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Voice_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 202-343-9307</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Facsimile_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 202-343-2338</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address</i></span><i>:</i> Titus.Jim@epamail.epa.gov</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Hours_of_Service</i></span><i>:</i> 9:00 - 6:00 Eastern</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Data_Set_Credit</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>Jue</span></span><span class=GramE> Wang, GIS Practice, ICF Consulting, Inc.</span></pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Native_Data_Set_Environment</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI <span class=SpellE>ArcCatalog</span> 9.3.0.1770</p> <p class=MsoNormal><a href="#Top">Back to Top</a> <a name="Data_Quality_Information"></a></p> <div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-bookmark:Data_Quality_Information'> <hr size=2 width="100%" align=center> </span></div> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><span style='mso-bookmark:Data_Quality_Information'></span></span> <p class=MsoNormal><span class=SpellE><i>Data_Quality_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Accuracy</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Accuracy_Report</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>The underlying data used in the creation of this layer may contain errors or omissions. The accuracy of this data set generally corresponds to the source data used in the layer development. See &quot;<span class=SpellE>VA_Data_Quality.jpg</span>&quot; <span class=GramE>for<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>an</span> index of the source data used (that accompanied this data set in the zip file.)</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>See the sections on Positional Accuracy for more detailed information.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>Additional consideration: The vertical values and their associated positions were generated using the interpolation function &quot;TOPOGRID&quot; within the ESRI GRID module. TOPOGRID uses input elevation data such as contours and elevation point data along with supplemental information such as stream networks, lakes (of known elevation), and bounding areas to generate a <span class=SpellE>hydrologically</span>-correct DEM. Each state DEM was generated using TOPOGRID but the specific parameters were unique to the data sets available and issues related to each state.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>There are known issues relating to the interpolation algorithm TOPOGRID.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>TOPOGRID Plateau Problem.</span> The TOPOGRID function generates disproportionately large areas with the same value of the input contour lines, e.g., if we have 5 and 10 foot contour lines, there would be substantially more areas with values between 4 to 6 and 9 to 11, than 6 to 9 feet. At the upper tips of narrow valleys, the cell values tend to be the same as the bounding contours so the valleys become plateaus. The TOPOGRID function within the ESRI GRID module tends to calculate a trend from neighboring contour lines. As a result, TOPOGRID frequently creates areas of erroneous depressions on the plains adjacent to steep slopes, often substantially below the contours between which those depressions lay. It also creates plateaus along contours, which can be problematic because they overstate the amount of land barely above the wetlands and right at the first contour, while understating the amount of land halfway between the wetlands and the first contour. To address these problems, we processed the areas above and below the first contour separately. However, this caused another problem. In narrow valleys in the area below the first contour, the output DEM values were similar or identical to those of the bounding contour lines due to the lack of elevation information that TOPOGRID needs to calculate trend. The most problematic regions occurred where there was a stream valley below the first contour (e.g. between two parallel 5 foot contours), neither open water nor tidal wetlands along most of the length of the valley, but open water or tidal wetlands at one end of the valley (e.g. a typical non-tidal stream flowing into tidal waters). In some cases, the trend from the wetlands or open water at the mouth toward the bounding first contour would provide values even higher than that first contour farther up the valley. And in general, TOPOGRID would be more likely to assume a flat area between the contours, than to characterize it as a valley.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>We did not use stream data in constructing the DEM for <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Virginia</st1:place></st1:State>. (See comparable <span class=SpellE>DEMs</span> for <st1:State w:st="on">Delaware</st1:State>, <st1:State w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State>, <st1:State w:st="on">New York</st1:State> and <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">North Carolina</st1:place></st1:State>, where stream data was available.).</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>Evaluation of other interpolation methods.</span> </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>Several interpolation methods were evaluated before the TOPOGRID function was selected. Specifically, <span class=SpellE>Spline</span>, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), and Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) methods were evaluated and compared to the TOPOGRID function. Statistics and graphical examples of cross sections specific to each interpolation method are presented in the accompanying &quot;InterpolationMethods_MEMO.doc&quot; memo included in the zip file associated with this data set.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>An accuracy assessment was made between the <span class=GramE>source<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span><span class=SpellE>DLG's</span></span> and the DEM for a select number of quads. See &quot;DEM_Comparison_with_DLG_11_quads.xls<span class=GramE>&quot;<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>which</span> accompanies this data set in the zip file.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>An additional assessment was made between the DEM and <span class=SpellE>lidar</span> data where it was available in <st1:State w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State> and <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">North Carolina</st1:place></st1:State>. The results can be found in the &quot;DEM_LidarComparisonTable.doc&quot; that accompanied this data set in the zip file.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>See the sections on Positional Accuracy (Horizontal and Vertical).</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Logical_Consistency_Report</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>Refer to the Titus and Wang 2008 technical report that documents this study for information on the publication date for data and procedures used in the development of this layer.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>See the sections on Positional Accuracy (Horizontal and Vertical) for additional information.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>Note that the discussions presented in the accuracy reports refer to contour intervals using two different systems of measurements (meters and feet). We use the two <span class=SpellE>diffent</span> systems to reflect the actual contour intervals used by USGS over the years, which vary on a quadrangle by quadrangle basis.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Completeness_Report</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>This elevation data set generally reflects that of the source data used in the layer development.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>See the sections on Positional Accuracy (Horizontal and Vertical) for additional information.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>The vertical values and their associated positions were generated using the interpolation function &quot;TOPOGRID&quot; within the ESRI GRID module. TOPOGRID uses input elevation data such as contours and elevation point data along with supplemental information such as stream networks, lakes (of known elevation), and bounding areas to generate a <span class=SpellE>hydrologically</span>-correct DEM. Each state DEM was generated using TOPOGRID but the specific parameters were unique to the data sets available and issues related to each state. The specifics to each state DEM are described under positional accuracy section of the metadata and in process steps.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>There are known issues relating to the interpolation algorithm TOPOGRID.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>TOPOGRID Plateau Problem.</span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>The TOPOGRID function generates disproportionately large areas with the same value of the input contour lines, e.g., if we have 5 and 10 foot contour lines, there would be substantially more areas with values between 4 to 6 and 9 to 11, than 6 to 9 feet. At the upper tips of narrow valleys, the cell values tend to be the same as the bounding contours so the valleys become plateaus.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>The TOPOGRID function within the ESRI GRID module tends to calculate a trend from neighboring contour lines.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>As a result, TOPOGRID frequently creates erroneous depressions on the plains adjacent to steep slopes, often substantially below the contours between which those depressions lay. It also creates plateaus along contours, which can be problematic because they overstate the amount of land barely above the wetlands and right at the first contour, while understating the amount of land halfway between the wetlands and the first contour. To address these problems, we processed the areas above and below the first contour separately. However, this caused another problem. In narrow valleys in the area below the first contour, the output DEM values were similar or identical to those of the bounding contour lines due to the lack of elevation information that TOPOGRID needs to calculate trend. The most problematic regions occurred where there was a stream valley below the first contour (e.g. between two parallel 5 foot contours), no open water or tidal wetlands along most of the length of the valley, but open water or tidal wetlands at one end of the valley (e.g. a typical non-tidal stream flowing into tidal waters). In some cases, the trend from the wetlands or open water at the mouth toward the bounding first contour would provide values even higher than that first contour farther up the valley. And in general, TOPOGRID would be more likely to assume a flat area between the contours, than to characterize it as a valley.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>We did not use stream data in constructing the DEM for <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Virginia</st1:place></st1:State>. (See comparable <span class=SpellE>DEMs</span> for <st1:State w:st="on">Delaware</st1:State>, <st1:State w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State>, <st1:State w:st="on">New York</st1:State> and <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">North Carolina</st1:place></st1:State>, where stream data was available.).</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>Omissions.</span> </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>Neither stream networks nor lake features were used as inputs into the TOPOGRID function in creation of this data set. The absence of a hydrologic network explains a significant proportion of the greatest errors in the vicinity of non-tidal streams at elevations below the first contour. TOPOGRID infers stream valleys above the first contour by the pattern of a valley without the stream data. The decision to split the data into land below and above the first contour (discussed in process step #4 &quot;Interpolation of Digital Elevation Model &quot;) had the effect of increasing the potential errors resulting from the absence of stream data. However, the magnitude of any errors induced by this problem was limited by the &quot;first contour truncating&quot; (also discussed in process step #4). The net effect was to put back some of the plateaus eliminated by dividing the data, but not all of those plateaus. Moreover, errors introduced by of omitting stream were avoided in areas with tidal streams or tidal wetlands, by the use of tidal wetlands data, which served the same function. </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>Other Issues:</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>In addition to excluding streams, the decision to process 3 elevation areas separately within TOPOGRID (as described in the process step #4 - &quot;Interpolation of Digital Elevation Model&quot;) and then combine them into a single DEM removes the algorithm from its theoretical underpinning, because it separates each elevation zone from the context of the overall environment that TOPOGRID uses to generate a <span class=SpellE>hydrologically</span>-correct DEM.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Because the objective of this DEM is to estimate elevations of lands close to sea level, rather than characterize drainage correctly, the ad hoc response to the TOPOGRID plateau problem is not as unreasonable as would have been the case were this data to be used for analyzing hydrology. Nevertheless, modification of the tolerance values and other parameters within TOPOGRID, and inclusion of additional vertical data in areas of known errors (determined through the use of diagnostic outputs within the TOPOGRID function), probably could have substantially diminished the plateau problem in the vicinity of the first topographic contour.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Because the plateau problem around the edge of tidal wetlands was often caused largely by the relative complexity of the wetland supplemental contour compared with other contours, the case for dividing the data as we did is probably greater along the wetland boundary than along the first contour.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>Also see the sections on Positional Accuracy (Horizontal and Vertical) and process steps.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Positional_Accuracy</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>The source data generally were 1:24,000 scale or better. Therefore our use of 30 meter cells deteriorated the horizontal accuracy. Assuming that 90% of well defined points are within 30 meters of the indicated location would imply a scale of 1:60,000 under National Map Accuracy Standards. (That assumption may be conservative because 100% of the points in a 30 meter cell are less than 21.2 meters of the center of the cell.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>If the input map has 1:24,000 scale [well defined points within 12.2 meters<span class=GramE>]<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>and</span> errors are random, then more than 90% of the points will be within 24.5 meters of the indicated location, which would imply a scale of 1:50,000.) However, our interpolation program may further deteriorate the horizontal accuracy.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Under some circumstances, the horizontal error appears to be as great as the width of a cell.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Given that the diagonal in this case would be 42.4 m, if errors are random, then the scale might be as poor as 1:86,000 in areas where those 1-cell errors are common.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>Neither stream networks nor lake features were used as inputs into the TOPOGRID function in creation of this data set for reasons discussed in the completeness report. The addition of a hydrologic network would increase the accuracy of the resulting DEM.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value</i></span><i>:</i> 40-42.5 meters</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>In the event the horizontal error is as great as the width of a cell, the diagonal would be 42.4 m.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Vertical_Positional_Accuracy</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>The vertical accuracy of this data set generally corresponds to that of the source data (described below) used in the layer development, plus errors induced through the various processing steps. The procedures used to interpolate between contours do not necessarily correspond to the actual geometry of the land surfaces. Therefore, points that are near a contour have greater accuracy than points that are farther away from a contour. </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>In order to assess the vertical accuracy <span class=GramE>of<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span><span class=SpellE>DEMs</span></span> generated by ICF Consulting, Russ Jones of Stratus Consulting Inc. compared <span class=SpellE>DEMs</span> with LIDAR data in two areas: 1) an area south of Rock Hall along the eastern shore of <st1:State w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State>, and 2) portions of <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">North Carolina</st1:place></st1:State>. Table 1 within DEM_LidarComparisonTable.doc summarizes the comparison.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>The analysis suggests a Root Mean Square (RMS) discrepancy between LIDAR and this DEM approximately one-half of the input contour <span class=GramE>interval</span> in cases where the contour interval was 1 meter, 5 feet, or 2 meters. If the LIDAR comparison is applicable to <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Virginia</st1:place></st1:State>, one would expect an RMS error of approximately one-half the USGS contour interval, with a mean error less than 1/10 the contour interval. See <span class=SpellE>VA_Elevation_Data_Quality.jpg</span>, included in the zip <span class=GramE>file</span> with which this data is distributed, for a graphic depicting the contour intervals for the USGS 7.5-minute quads in <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Virginia</st1:place></st1:State>.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>Jones also provided histograms showing the relationship between input contour intervals and the DEM values, for 11 USGS 7.5' topographical quadrangles in the study area from <st1:State w:st="on">New York</st1:State> to <st1:State w:st="on">North Carolina</st1:State>, including the Accomack and <st1:City w:st="on">Irvington</st1:City> quads in <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Virginia</st1:place></st1:State> (provided in the zip file with this document). The technical paper by Titus and Wang (2008, listed in the citation section above) analyzes the results of that comparison. Note that this comparison was conducted on the initial DEM generated with TOPOGRID. As a result of this analysis, the minimum and maximum elevation limits were constrained to ensure that the resulting elevations were in accordance with the input data. (See &quot;First-contour truncating&quot; in the process step on interpolation of Digital Elevation Model). This metadata only discusses the two quads in <st1:State w:st="on">Virginia</st1:State>, plus two quads in <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Maryland</st1:place></st1:State> that were particularly problematic.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>   </span></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>For the Accomack quad, the DEM under-estimates the low land by 18%. Examining an overlay of the DEM and the <span class=SpellE>DLG's</span>, the discrepancy appears to be explained by the failure of the TOPOGRID program to interpolate the narrow peninsulas, valleys, and small islands. This was corrected by setting the minimum and maximum values of midland and lowland (see process step #4 - &quot;Interpolation of Digital Elevation Model&quot;, which provides a description of the processing of the three elevation areas). The DEM created a plateau at the 5-ft contour, with an area twice the size of the discrepancy. Thus, in effect, the DEM estimates the <span class=SpellE>DLG's</span> 5-ft contour to be between 5 and 5.1 feet. The discrepancy for lands between 5-10 and 10-15 feet are less than 0.5%, which suggests that part of the problem for the lowest land may be explained by areas where the dry land below 5ft is too narrow to take up an entire cell (see discussion of South River, Maryland, below). The DEM for the <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Irvington</st1:place></st1:City> quad duplicated the area implied by the DLG within 0.1 hectares, the best of the 11 quads Jones examined. The discrepancies were more serious, however, for two quads in <st1:State w:st="on">Maryland</st1:State>:<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span><span class=SpellE>Broomes</span> and <st1:place w:st="on">South River</st1:place> respectively. For South River the DEM under estimates the amount of land below 5 ft by 50%.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>However, it is within 5% and 1% for the areas between 5-10 and 10-15ft, respectively. This error appears to have resulted because the land is sufficiently steep that particular cells will have more than one contour crossing them. The DEM assigns an average elevation to the cell.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Assuming that the contours cross the centers of cells randomly, one would normally expect that the amount of higher and lower ground being &quot;averaged in&quot; would approximately offset each other, so that the DEM should find the same amount of land within a given elevation range as the input <span class=SpellE>DLG's</span>. Indeed, this appears to be the case for land at 10-15 ft.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>For land below 5ft, however, there is higher ground but no lower ground to be &quot;averaged in.&quot; Therefore, an upward bias is created for the lowest areas.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Such an upward bias in the lowest contour range could have been avoided with an algorithm that calculated elevations for points rather than cells, or using a much smaller cell size.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Doing so, however, would have increased the costs of this study several fold. The net impact is was that the DEM, in effect, estimated the 5-ft contour to be approximately 7.3 ft above the vertical datum for <st1:place w:st="on">South River</st1:place>. The <span class=SpellE>Broomes</span> quad had a similar upward bias, effectively treating the 5-ft contour as a 5.8-ft contour.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>The experience with those two quads in Maryland should serve as a caution that in Virginia our results may be much less accurate in areas with slopes steep enough to have two contours within 30 meters (e.g. slopes greater than 6% with 5-ft contours, or 12% with 10ft contours), especially in the area above the lowest contour.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>(Our first-contour truncating mitigates this upward bias below the first contour; for reasons explained in the metadata for the <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Maryland</st1:place></st1:State> study (<span class=SpellE>dem_MD_shw_cm</span>). <span class=GramE>In <st1:State w:st="on">Virginia</st1:State>, that caution is applicable to much of the land to the east of <st1:place w:st="on">Chesapeake Bay</st1:place>, other than the immediate Hampton Roads area.</span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>The results of the &quot;11 quadrangle&quot; analysis are shown in <span class=GramE>DEM_Comparison_with_DLG_11_quads.xls.,</span> which is included in the zip file distributed with this dataset.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Quantitative_Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>See vertical accuracy report.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><i>Lineage:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Citation</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Citation_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Originator:</i> US Geological Survey</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Title:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Large Scale USGS Digital Line Graph (DLG)</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form</i></span><i>:</i> vector digital data</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language: DE'>Online_Linkage:</span></i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language:DE'> </span><a href="%3chttp://edc.usgs.gov/geodata/dlg_large/states/VA.html%3e" target=viewer><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language:DE'>&lt;http://edc.usgs.gov/geodata/dlg_large/states/VA.html&gt;</span></a><span style='mso-ansi-language:DE'> <span lang=DE><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Scale_Denominator</i></span><i>:</i> 24,000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Type_of_Source_Media</i></span><i>:</i> Digital Vector Data</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Time_Period_of_Content</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Currentness_Reference</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>publication</span> date</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Contribution</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><span class=GramE>Spatial data and attributes.</span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>The <span class=SpellE>DLGs</span> provided were the single most important source of elevation data for the DEM creation. Source contours are 5 feet and 10 feet. The zip file distributed with this metadata includes a graphic defining the contour intervals of the input data: <span class=SpellE>VA_Elevation_Data_Quality.jpg</span></pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Citation</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Citation_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Originator:</i> Henan Institute of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Geography</st1:City>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">China</st1:country-region></st1:place></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Publication_Date</i></span><i>:</i> Unpublished Material</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Publication_Time</i></span><i>:</i> Unknown</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Title:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Coastal Digital Line Graphs (DLG) created from USGS Digital Raster Graphs</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form</i></span><i>:</i> vector digital data</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Scale_Denominator</i></span><i>:</i> 24,000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Type_of_Source_Media</i></span><i>:</i> Digital vector data</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Time_Period_of_Content</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Currentness_Reference</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>publication</span> date</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Contribution</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><span class=GramE>Spatial data and attributes.</span> Contours below 40 feet, for areas where USGS 1:24,000 <span class=SpellE>DLG's</span> were not available.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Source contours are 5 feet and 10 feet.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>The attached zip file includes graphic a spreadsheet defining the contour intervals of the input data. <span class=SpellE>VA_Elevation_Data_Quality.jpg</span></pre><pre style='margin-left: .5in'>Contours digitized from USGS 7.5 minute Digital Raster Graphics (<span class=SpellE>DRGs</span>). See Institute_of_Geography_DLG.doc, included in the zip <span class=GramE>file</span> with which this data is distributed, for a list of the 7.5-minute quads where we used the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Institute</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Geography <span class=SpellE>DLG</span></st1:PlaceName></st1:place><span class=SpellE>'s</span>.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Citation</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Citation_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Originator:</i> National Oceanic Service</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Publication_Date</i></span><i>:</i> Unknown</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Publication_Time</i></span><i>:</i> Unknown</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Title:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>NOS Tide Observation Data</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form</i></span><i>:</i> tabular digital data</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language: DE'>Online_Linkage:</span></i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language:DE'> </span><a href="%3chttp://co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/bench.html%3e" target=viewer><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language:DE'>&lt;http://co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/bench.html&gt;</span></a><span style='mso-ansi-language:DE'> <span lang=DE><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Scale_Denominator</i></span><i>:</i> 24,000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Type_of_Source_Media</i></span><i>:</i> online</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Time_Period_of_Content</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Time_Period_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Multiple_Dates</i></span><i>/Times:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Single_Date</i></span><i>/Time:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Calendar_Date</i></span><i>:</i> 1960</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Time of Day:</i> 1978</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Currentness_Reference</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Relative to the 1960-1978 Tidal Epoch</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Contribution</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>Spatial coordinates and elevations of MTL relative to mean lower low water (MLLW), the elevation of MLLW relative to several benchmarks nearby, and the elevations of these benchmarks relative to NAVD88 for 26 tide gages in or around <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Virginia</st1:place></st1:State>.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Citation</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Citation_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Originator:</i> Originator: National Oceanic Service</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Publication_Date</i></span><i>:</i> 2000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Title:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>NOS Tide Estimation Data. Tide Tables 2000, High and Low Water Predictions, East Coast of North and South America including <st1:place w:st="on">Greenland</st1:place></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form</i></span><i>:</i> document</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Type_of_Source_Media</i></span><i>:</i> paper</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Contribution</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>Horizontal location and spring high tide ranges for 152 tide gages in or around <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Virginia</st1:place></st1:State>.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Citation</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Citation_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Originator:</i> <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> Environmental Protection Agency</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Publication_Date</i></span><i>:</i> 2006</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Title:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Coastal Wetlands Data: <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Virginia</st1:place></st1:State></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Scale_Denominator</i></span><i>:</i> 24,000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Type_of_Source_Media</i></span><i>:</i> online</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Contribution</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><span class=GramE>Horizontal location of upper and lower limits of tidal wetlands.</span> See Readme.doc (distributed in the zip file with this data set), for directions on how to download the Coastal Wetlands <span class=GramE>Data .</span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>See also the technical report for this project J.G. Titus and J. Wang, 2008. Maps of lands close to sea level along the middle Atlantic coast of the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>: an elevation data set to use while waiting for LIDAR. In: Background Documents Supporting Climate Change Science Program Synthesis and Assessment Product 4.1: Coastal Elevations and Sensitivity to Sea Level Rise [J.G. Titus and E.M. Strange (<span class=GramE>eds</span>.)]. <span class=GramE>EPA430R07004, <st1:country-region w:st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region> Environmental <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Protection Agency</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">Washington</st1:State></st1:place>, DC.</span></pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Citation</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Citation_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Originator:</i> <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> Fish and Wildlife Service</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Publication_Date</i></span><i>:</i> Various</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Title:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>US Fish and Wildlife National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) Data</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form</i></span><i>:</i> vector digital data</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language: DE'>Online_Linkage:</span></i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language:DE'> </span><a href="%3chttp://wetlands.fws.gov/downloads.htm%3e" target=viewer><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language:DE'>&lt;http://wetlands.fws.gov/downloads.htm&gt;</span></a><span style='mso-ansi-language:DE'> <span lang=DE><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Scale_Denominator</i></span><i>:</i> 24000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Type_of_Source_Media</i></span><i>:</i> online</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Time_Period_of_Content</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Currentness_Reference</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>publication</span> date</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Contribution</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><span class=GramE>Horizontal location of upper and lower limits of tidal wetlands.</span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>See metadata for Coastal Wetlands Data:<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span><st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Virginia</st1:place></st1:State> for additional details on the contribution of this data set to the analysis.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Citation</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Citation_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Originator:</i> <span class=SpellE>Proudman</span> Oceanographic Laboratory (POL)</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Publication_Date</i></span><i>:</i> 2000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Title:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Permanent Service for <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Mean</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Sea</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> Level (PSMSL) - Sea Level Rise Trend Data</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Other_Citation_Details</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>The PSMSL is a member of the Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Data Analysis Services (FAGS) established by the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU).</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language: DE'>Online_Linkage:</span></i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language:DE'> </span><a href="%3chttp://www.nbi.ac.uk/psmsl/datainfo/rlr.trends%3e" target=viewer><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language:DE'>&lt;http://www.nbi.ac.uk/psmsl/datainfo/rlr.trends&gt;</span></a><span style='mso-ansi-language:DE'> <span lang=DE><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Scale_Denominator</i></span><i>:</i> 24,000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Type_of_Source_Media</i></span><i>:</i> online</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Time_Period_of_Content</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Currentness_Reference</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>publication</span> date</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Source_Contribution</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>Spatial location and estimates of the rate of sea level rise.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>Elevation contours were used to generate a surface of sea level rise rates.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Process_Step</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Process_Description</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>Process of Input Elevation Data </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>Input elevation contour lines were either 1:24,000 scale USGS or the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Institute</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Geography <span class=SpellE>DLGs</span></st1:PlaceName></st1:place>. They were appended and then projected into Albers projection.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Process_Date</i></span><i>:</i> Unknown</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Process_Contact</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Person_Primary</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Person</i></span><i>:</i> <span class=SpellE>Jue</span> Wang</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Organization</i></span><i>:</i> GIS Practice, ICF Consulting, Inc.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Position</i></span><i>:</i> GIS Analyst</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Address</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Address_Type</i></span><i>:</i> mailing and physical address</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Address:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">9300 Lee Highway</st1:address></st1:Street></pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><i>City:</i> <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Fairfax</st1:place></st1:City></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>State_or_Province</i></span><i>:</i> VA</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Postal_Code</i></span><i>:</i> 22031</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Country:</i> <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.A.</st1:place></st1:country-region></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Voice_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 703-218-2766</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Facsimile_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 703-934-3974</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address</i></span><i>:</i> jwang@icfconsulting.com</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Hours_of_Service</i></span><i>:</i> 9:30 - 5:30 EST</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Process_Step</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Process_Description</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>Process of Tidal Record</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>Calculating the Elevation of Spring High Water Supplemental Contour </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>1) Creation of Mean Tide Level Surface. National Oceanic Service (NOS) tide observation data, i.e., the latitudes and longitudes, the elevations of mean tide level (MTL) above mean lower low water (MLLW), the elevations of MLLW relative to several benchmarks, and the elevations above NAVD88 of these benchmarks of 25 tide gages in Virginia were downloaded from the NOS website. The elevations of mean tide level relative to NAVD88 were calculated and then converted to a NGVD29 using the difference surface between NAVD88 and NGVD29. <span class=GramE>A point</span> coverage was then created with such data and projected into Albers projection. Using the point coverage as a reference, artificial contour lines were created with consideration of shorelines via heads-up digitizing and then used to interpolate the mean tide level surface using TOPOGRID. As the tidal epoch used for the MTL data was 1960-1978, a separate sea level rise rate surface was created by interpolating actual sea level rise data (trend) from the <span class=SpellE>Proudman</span> Oceanographic Laboratory website and was used to adjust the mean tide level to years corresponding to other data sets, such as NWI data, so that the wetland boundary would represent spring high tide for the year the map imagery was taken.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>2) Creation of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Spring</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Tide</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Range</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> Surface.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>From Table 2 of &quot;Tide Tables 2000, High and Low Water Predictions, East Coast of North and South America including Greenland&quot;, the latitudes, longitudes and spring high tide ranges of more than 150 tide gages were obtained and used to create a point coverage. Using the point coverage as a reference, artificial contour lines were created with consideration of shorelines and then used to interpolate the spring high tide range surface with TOPOGRID method.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>3) Creation of a Spring High Water Level Surface. A spring high water level surface was created by adding half of spring tide range onto mean tide level surface.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Process_Contact</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Person_Primary</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Person</i></span><i>:</i> <span class=SpellE>Jue</span> Wang</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Organization</i></span><i>:</i> GIS Practice, ICF Consulting, Inc.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Position</i></span><i>:</i> GIS Analyst</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Address</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Address_Type</i></span><i>:</i> mailing and physical address</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Address:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">9300 Lee Highway</st1:address></st1:Street></pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><i>City:</i> <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Fairfax</st1:place></st1:City></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>State_or_Province</i></span><i>:</i> VA</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Postal_Code</i></span><i>:</i> 22031</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Country:</i> <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.A.</st1:place></st1:country-region></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Voice_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 703-218-2766</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Facsimile_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 703-934-3974</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address</i></span><i>:</i> jwang@icfconsulting.com</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Hours_of_Service</i></span><i>:</i> 9:30 - 5:30 EST</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Process_Step</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Process_Description</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><span class=GramE>Processing of Tidal Wetland Data: Calculating the Horizontal Position of Spring High Water Supplemental Contour.</span> </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>1) NWI data were imported into <span class=SpellE>ArcInfo</span> coverage format and projected into Albers projection. A data set representing tidal wetlands was generated using the <span class=SpellE>subtidal</span> and intertidal subsystems for marine and estuarine categories, tidal subsystem for <span class=SpellE>riverine</span> category, and the tidal or non-tidal water regimes for <span class=SpellE>lacustrine</span> and <span class=SpellE>palustrine</span> categories. The upper and lower limits of tidal wetlands were then extracted from this tidal wetland data set.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>For the marine and estuary categories, the boundaries between M1 (<span class=SpellE>subtidal</span>) and M2 (intertidal)<span class=GramE>,<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>E1</span> (<span class=SpellE>subtidal</span>) and E2 (intertidal) determined the lower boundaries of tidal wetland, and the boundaries of M2 and E2 with upland and other non-tidal wetland or non-tidal open water, determined the upper boundaries of tidal wetland.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>For the <span class=SpellE>riverine</span> category, the boundaries between R1 (tidal) and upland as well as other non-tidal wetland or non-tidal open water determined the upper limit. For <span class=SpellE>Lacustrine</span> and <span class=SpellE>Palustrine</span> categories, tidal or non-tidal water regimes determined the upper boundaries of tidal wetland.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>2) The upper and lower limits of tidal wetlands extracted from the US FWS NWI wetland data was used to generate supplemental contours. Elevations assigned to these contours were derived from spring high tide level and mean tide level surface grids respectively. However, while the upper wetland boundary was used as a supplemental contour for input into the DEM, the lower boundary was used for reporting the area of wetlands but not for elevations, because the project manager decided not to report wetland elevations. </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>See the larger report on specific USGS 7.5' quadrangles used: J.G. Titus and J. Wang, 2008. Maps of lands close to sea level along the middle Atlantic coast of the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>: an elevation data set to use while waiting for LIDAR. In: Background Documents Supporting Climate Change Science Program Synthesis and Assessment Product 4.1: Coastal Elevations and Sensitivity to Sea Level Rise [J.G. Titus and E.M. Strange (<span class=GramE>eds</span>.)]. <span class=GramE>EPA430R07004, <st1:country-region w:st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region> Environmental <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Protection Agency</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">Washington</st1:State></st1:place>, DC.</span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>   </span>See also the metadata accompanying the Virginia Wetland polygon dataset used in this study.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Process_Contact</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Person_Primary</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Person</i></span><i>:</i> <span class=SpellE>Jue</span> Wang</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Organization</i></span><i>:</i> GIS Practice, ICF Consulting, Inc.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Position</i></span><i>:</i> Senior GIS Analyst</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Address</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Address_Type</i></span><i>:</i> mailing and physical address</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Address:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">9300 Lee Highway</st1:address></st1:Street></pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><i>City:</i> <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Fairfax</st1:place></st1:City></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>State_or_Province</i></span><i>:</i> VA</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Postal_Code</i></span><i>:</i> 22031</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Country:</i> <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.A.</st1:place></st1:country-region></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Voice_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 703-218-2766</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Facsimile_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 703-934-3974</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address</i></span><i>:</i> jwang@icfconsulting.com</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Hours_of_Service</i></span><i>:</i> 9:30 - 5:30 EST</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Process_Step</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Process_Description</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>Interpolation of Digital Elevation Model </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>1) The study area was divided into four parts: tidal wetlands, lowland, midland, and upland. </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>&quot;Tidal Wetlands&quot; represents the tidal wetlands as classified from the wetland layer.</pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>Lowland represents the area between the tidal wetlands and the lowest topographic contour available that is generally above the tidal wetlands. Depending on the contour interval of the input data, this lowest contour may have been 5 feet or 10 <span class=GramE>feet<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>relative</span> to NGVD29.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>Midland represents the area above the lowest contour we used and below the highest USGS contour lines (40 foot or 12 meters NGVD29) used. </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Upland</st1:place></st1:City> represents land above the midland contour (i.e., above the 40 foot or 12 meter NGVD29 contour). </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>Boundary <span class=SpellE>coverages</span> were created for tidal wetlands, lowland, and midland using appropriate elevation contours or upper and lower limits of tidal wetland. However, we are not making the tidal wetland interpolations available in this dataset due to the lack of a theoretical justification for believing that interpolation to have any information content. (At best, the wetland elevation interpolations might be used for graphical representations of the impact of sea level rise.) We will retain a companion dataset with elevations stored as floating point double precision, which may be made available for the sole purpose of evaluating any graphical representations that use wetland elevations.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>We provide a wetland dataset (in both raster and vector formats) so that the user can distinguish tidal wetlands from open water for cells with no data.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>2) Using the TOPOGRID function, the <span class=SpellE>DEMs</span> were interpolated with a predetermined cell size of 30 meters for the lowland, midland, and upland areas using contour lines described in the section &quot;Process of Input Elevation Data&quot; and supplemental contours from the combination of NWI wetland data and NOAA tidal record contours. A common starting coordinate was set for all three areas to ensure alignment of the separate layers after processing. The minimum and maximum limits were set for each process according to the input elevation data to ensure the resulting elevations were in accordance with the input data.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>See &quot;first-contour truncating&quot; (#4) below.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>The iteration was set to 40, the horizontal standard error tolerance was set to 2 to minimize the depression caused by inappropriate tend calculation, and the drainage enforcement option was turned on to remove isolated depressions. </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>The following represents the options used in TOPOGRID: </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>topogrid</span></span> <span class=SpellE>dem_mid_ft</span> 30 </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>contour</span> <span class=SpellE>topo_cntr</span> elevation </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>xyzlimits</span></span> 1602000 # 1833000 # 5.0001 </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>boundary</span> <span class=SpellE>topo_bnd_up</span> </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>iterations</span> 40 </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>tolerances</span> # 2 </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>enforce</span> on </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>end</span> </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>3) The interpolated <span class=SpellE>DEMs</span> were displayed against input elevation data and visually checked. These visual checks would show gross errors, but not necessarily errors in which the amount of low land is over- or underestimated by 10-40 percent (additionally, see Data Quality, Positional Accuracy section). If obvious errors such as artificial depressions occurred, supplemental elevation lines were added by heads-up digitizing to the input contour lines and the interpolation was repeated. </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>4) First-contour truncating. </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>As a result of the comparison between the initial DEM and the source contours for 11 USGS quadrangles (see vertical accuracy report)<span class=GramE>,</span> we decided to reset the DEM values to coincide with source contours. Whenever TOPOGRID calculated a value greater than the first contour within the &quot;lowland&quot;, we reset the value to 0.001 less than the first contour. Whenever TOPOGRID calculated a midland value less than the first contour, we reset the value to 0.001 greater than the first contour. Given the rounding of this integer dataset, all such values are effectively rounded to the bounding contour value between midland and lowland (e.g. 5 feet). Although this approach leaves us with some plateaus, we have fewer plateaus than we had when we did not divide the data; and dividing the data left us with fewer cases of midland and lowland values being outside of their appropriate ranges. </pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre style='margin-left:.5in'>5) The <span class=SpellE>DEMs</span> of each separate part were eventually merged into the final DEM with the MERGE function within the ESRI GRID module.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Process_Contact</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Person_Primary</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Person</i></span><i>:</i> <span class=SpellE>Jue</span> Wang</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Organization</i></span><i>:</i> GIS Practice, ICF Consulting, Inc.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Position</i></span><i>:</i> Senior GIS Analyst</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Address</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Address_Type</i></span><i>:</i> mailing and physical address</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Address:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">9300 Lee Highway</st1:address></st1:Street></pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><i>City:</i> <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Fairfax</st1:place></st1:City></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>State_or_Province</i></span><i>:</i> VA</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Postal_Code</i></span><i>:</i> 22031</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Voice_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 703-218-2766</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Facsimile_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 703-934-3974</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address</i></span><i>:</i> jwang@icfconsulting.com</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Hours_of_Service</i></span><i>:</i> 9:30 - 5:30 EST</p> <p class=MsoNormal><a href="#Top">Back to Top</a> <a name="Spatial_Data_Organization_Information"></a></p> <div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-bookmark:Spatial_Data_Organization_Information'> <hr size=2 width="100%" align=center> </span></div> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><span style='mso-bookmark:Spatial_Data_Organization_Information'></span></span> <p class=MsoNormal><span class=SpellE><i>Spatial_Data_Organization_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method</i></span><i>:</i> Raster</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Raster_Object_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Raster_Object_Type</i></span><i>:</i> Grid Cell</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Row_Count</i></span><i>:</i> 9796</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Column_Count</i></span><i>:</i> 7149</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Vertical_Count</i></span><i>:</i> 1</p> <p class=MsoNormal><a href="#Top">Back to Top</a> <a name="Spatial_Reference_Information"></a></p> <div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-bookmark:Spatial_Reference_Information'> <hr size=2 width="100%" align=center> </span></div> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><span style='mso-bookmark:Spatial_Reference_Information'></span></span> <p class=MsoNormal><span class=SpellE><i>Spatial_Reference_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Planar:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Map_Projection</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Map_Projection_Name</i></span><i>:</i> Albers Conical Equal Area</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Albers_Conical_Equal_Area</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Standard_Parallel</i></span><i>:</i> 29.500000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Standard_Parallel</i></span><i>:</i> 45.500000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Longitude_of_Central_Meridian</i></span><i>:</i> -96.000000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Latitude_of_Projection_Origin</i></span><i>:</i> 23.000000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>False_Easting</i></span><i>:</i> 0.000000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>False_Northing</i></span><i>:</i> 0.000000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Planar_Coordinate_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method</i></span><i>:</i> row and column</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Coordinate_Representation</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Abscissa_Resolution</i></span><i>:</i> 30.000000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Ordinate_Resolution</i></span><i>:</i> 30.000000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Planar_Distance_Units</i></span><i>:</i> meters</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Geodetic_Model</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Horizontal_Datum_Name</i></span><i>:</i> North American Datum of 1983</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Ellipsoid_Name</i></span><i>:</i> Geodetic Reference System 80</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Semi-<span class=SpellE>major_Axis</span>:</i> 6378137.000000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio</i></span><i>:</i> 298.257222</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Altitude_System_Definition</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Altitude_Datum_Name</i></span><i>:</i> SHW (year 1980)</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Altitude_Resolution</i></span><i>:</i> 1</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Altitude_Distance_Units</i></span><i>:</i> cm</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Altitude_Encoding_Method</i></span><i>:</i> Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates</p> <p class=MsoNormal><a href="#Top">Back to Top</a> <a name="Entity_and_Attribute_Information"></a></p> <div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-bookmark:Entity_and_Attribute_Information'> <hr size=2 width="100%" align=center> </span></div> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><span style='mso-bookmark:Entity_and_Attribute_Information'></span></span> <p class=MsoNormal><span class=SpellE><i>Entity_and_Attribute_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Detailed_Description</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language: DE'>Entity_Type:</span></i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language:DE'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language: DE'>Entity_Type_Label:</span></i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language:DE'> dem_va_shw_cm.vat<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language: DE'>Entity_Type_Definition:</span></i><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language: DE'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span lang=DE style='mso-ansi-language: DE'>DEM<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Entity_Type_Definition_Source</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>ICF Consulting Inc.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Attribute:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Label</i></span><i>:</i> <span class=SpellE>Rowid</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Definition</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><span class=GramE>Internal feature number.</span></pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Definition_Source</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>ESRI</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Domain_Values</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Unrepresentable_Domain</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Attribute:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Label</i></span><i>:</i> VALUE</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Attribute:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Label</i></span><i>:</i> Value</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Definition</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>Elevation in cm relative to SHW (2000)</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Definition_Source</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>Derived from multiple input sources</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Domain_Values</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Range_Domain</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Range_Domain_Minimum</i></span><i>:</i> 1</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Range_Domain_Maximum</i></span><i>:</i> 2000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Units_of_Measure</i></span><i>:</i> cm</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Measurement_Resolution</i></span><i>:</i> 1</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Beginning_Date_of_Attribute_Values</i></span><i>:</i> 2000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Ending_Date_of_Attribute_Values</i></span><i>:</i> 2000</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Value_Accuracy</i></span><i>:</i> 1 cm</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Explanation</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>See vertical and horizontal accuracy reports</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Measurement_Frequency</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>As needed</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Attribute:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Label</i></span><i>:</i> COUNT</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Definition</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>Number of cells of corresponding value</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Attribute_Definition_Source</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>ESRI</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Overview_Description</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Entity_and_Attribute_Overview</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>Values expressed in cm above SHW</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><span class=GramE>ICF Consulting Inc.</span></pre> <p class=MsoNormal><script> fix(original) </script><a href="#Top">Back to Top</a> <a name=34349536></a></p> <div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-bookmark:34349536'> <hr size=2 width="100%" align=center> </span></div> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><span style='mso-bookmark:34349536'></span></span> <p class=MsoNormal><span class=SpellE><i>Distribution_Information</i></span><i>:</i> </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Distributor:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Organization_Primary</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Organization</i></span><i>:</i> US Environmental Protection Agency, Climate Change Division</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Address</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Address_Type</i></span><i>:</i> mailing address</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Address:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>USEPA (6207-J)</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><i>Address:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW</st1:address></st1:Street></pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><i>City:</i> <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Washington</st1:place></st1:State></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>State_or_Province</i></span><i>:</i> DC</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Postal_Code</i></span><i>:</i> 20460</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Country:</i> <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.A.</st1:place></st1:country-region></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Voice_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 202-343-9990</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Facsimile_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 202-343-2338</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address</i></span><i>:</i> climatechange@epa.gov</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Resource_Description</i></span><i>:</i> The dataset is being distributed by the US Environmental Protection Agency.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Distribution_Liability</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original>Although this data was created under the direction of the EPA, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Neither EPA nor the data developers shall be held liable for any use of the data and information described and/or contained herein.</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Standard_Order_Process</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Digital_Form</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Digital_Transfer_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Transfer_Size</i></span><i>:</i> 13.628</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Custom_Order_Process</i></span><i>:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><span class=GramE>Data available from Alan Cohn at 202-343-9814.</span></pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><span class=SpellE><i>Technical_Prerequisites</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=GramE>Requires software capable of displaying raster data.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><a href="#Top">Back to Top</a> <a name="Metadata_Reference_Information"></a></p> <div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-bookmark:Metadata_Reference_Information'> <hr size=2 width="100%" align=center> </span></div> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><span style='mso-bookmark:Metadata_Reference_Information'></span></span> <p class=MsoNormal><span class=SpellE><i>Metadata_Reference_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Metadata_Date</i></span><i>:</i> 20080902</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Metadata_Contact</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Organization_Primary</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Organization</i></span><i>:</i> Stratus Consulting Inc. (Jones)</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Person</i></span><i>:</i> Russ Jones, Jim Titus, and <span class=SpellE>Jue</span> Wang</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Position</i></span><i>:</i> Managing Analyst (Jones)</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Address</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Address_Type</i></span><i>:</i> mailing and physical address</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Address:</i><o:p></o:p></p> <pre style='margin-left:.5in' id=original><st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">1881 9th St. Suite 201</st1:address></st1:Street> (Jones)</pre> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><script> fix(original) </script><i>City:</i> <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Boulder</st1:place></st1:City></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>State_or_Province</i></span><i>:</i> CO</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Postal_Code</i></span><i>:</i> 80306</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><i>Country:</i> <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.A.</st1:place></st1:country-region></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Voice_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 303-381-8000 (Jones)</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Voice_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 202-343-9307 (Titus)</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Facsimile_Telephone</i></span><i>:</i> 303-381-8200 (Jones)</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address</i></span><i>:</i> rjones@stratusconsulting.com</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address</i></span><i>:</i> Titus.Jim@epamail.epa.gov</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Hours_of_Service</i></span><i>:</i> 9:00 - 5:00 MST</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Metadata_Standard_Name</i></span><i>:</i> FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Metadata_Standard_Version</i></span><i>:</i> FGDC-STD-001-1998</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Metadata_Time_Convention</i></span><i>:</i> local time</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Metadata_Security_Information</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Metadata_Security_Classification</i></span><i>:</i> Unclassified</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Metadata_Extensions</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Online_Linkage</i></span><i>:</i> <a href="http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html" target=viewer>http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html</a> </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Profile_Name</i></span><i>:</i> ESRI Metadata Profile</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Metadata_Extensions</i></span><i>:</i></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Online_Linkage</i></span><i>:</i> <a href="http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html" target=viewer>http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html</a> </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><i>Profile_Name</i></span><i>:</i> ESRI Metadata Profile</p> <p class=MsoNormal><a href="#Top">Back to Top</a> </p> </div> </body> </html>